GNU Tools for ARM Embedded Processors
Version: 4.7

Table of Contents
* Installing executables on Linux
* Installing executables on Mac OS X
* Installing executables on Windows 
* Invoking GCC
* Architecture options usage
* C Libraries usage
* Linker scripts & startup code
* Samples

* Installing executables on Linux *
Unpack the tarball to the install directory, like this:
$ cd $install_dir && tar xjf gcc-arm-none-eabi-*-yyyymmdd-linux.tar.bz2

For 64 bit system, 32 bit libc and libncurses are required to run the tools.

For Ubuntu 10.04/12.04 user, the toolchain can also be installed via Launchpad
PPA at https://launchpad.net/~terry.guo/+archive/gcc-arm-embedded.

* Installing executables on Mac OS X *
Unpack the tarball to the install directory, like this:
$ cd $install_dir && tar xjf gcc-arm-none-eabi-*-yyyymmdd-mac.tar.bz2

* Installing executables on Windows *
Run the installer (gcc-arm-none-eabi-*-yyyymmdd-win32.exe) and follow the
instructions.

The toolchain in windows zip package is a backup to windows installer for
those who cannot run installer.  We need decompress the zip package
in a proper place and then invoke it following instructions in next section.

* Invoking GCC *
On Linux and Mac OS X, either invoke with the complete path like this:
$ $install_dir/gcc-arm-none-eabi-*/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc

Or set path like this:
$ export PATH=$PATH:$install_dir/gcc-arm-none-eabi-*/bin
$ arm-none-eabi-gcc

On Windows (although the above approaches also work), it can be more
convenient to either have the installer register environment variables, or run
INSTALL_DIR\bin\gccvar.bat to set environment variables for the current cmd.

For windows zip package, after decompression we can invoke toolchain either with
complete path like this:
TOOLCHAIN_UNZIP_DIR\bin\arm-none-eabi-gcc
or run TOOLCHAIN_UNZIP_DIR\bin\gccvar.bat to set environment variables for the
current cmd.

* Architecture options usage *

This toolchain is built and optimized for Cortex-A/R/M bare metal development.
the following table shows how to invoke GCC/G++ with correct command line
options for variants of Cortex-A/R and Cortex-M architectures. 

--------------------------------------------------------------------
| ARM Core | Command Line Options                       | multilib |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-M0+| -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m0plus                | armv6-m  |
|Cortex-M0 | -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m0                    |          |
|Cortex-M1 | -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m1                    |          |
|          |--------------------------------------------|          |
|          | -mthumb -march=armv6-m                     |          |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-M3 | -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m3                    | armv7-m  |
|          |--------------------------------------------|          |
|          | -mthumb -march=armv7-m                     |          |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-M4 | -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4                    | armv7e-m |
|(No FP)   |--------------------------------------------|          |
|          | -mthumb -march=armv7e-m                    |          |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-M4 | -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfloat-abi=softfp | armv7e-m |
|(Soft FP) | -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16                          | /softfp  |
|          |--------------------------------------------|          |
|          | -mthumb -march=armv7e-m -mfloat-abi=softfp |          |
|          | -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16                          |          |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-M4 | -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfloat-abi=hard   | armv7e-m |
|(Hard FP) | -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16                          | /fpu     |
|          |--------------------------------------------|          |
|          | -mthumb -march=armv7e-m -mfloat-abi=hard   |          |
|          | -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16                          |          |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-R4 | [-mthumb] -march=armv7-r                   | armv7-ar |
|Cortex-R5 |                                            | /thumb   |
|Cortex-R7 |                                            | 	   |
|(No FP)   |                                            |          |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-R4 | [-mthumb] -march=armv7-r -mfloat-abi=softfp| armv7-ar |
|Cortex-R5 | -mfpu=vfpv3-d16                            | /thumb   |
|Cortex-R7 |                                            | /softfp  |
|(Soft FP) |                                            |          |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-R4 | [-mthumb] -march=armv7-r -mfloat-abi=hard  | armv7-ar |
|Cortex-R5 | -mfpu=vfpv3-d16                            | /thumb   |
|Cortex-R7 |                                            | /fpu     |
|(Hard FP) |                                            |          |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-A* | [-mthumb] -march=armv7-a                   | armv7-ar |
|(No FP)   |                                            | /thumb   |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-A* | [-mthumb] -march=armv7-a -mfloat-abi=softfp| armv7-ar |
|(Soft FP) | -mfpu=vfpv3-d16                            | /thumb   |
|          |                                            | /softfp  |
|----------|--------------------------------------------|----------|
|Cortex-A* | [-mthumb] -march=armv7-a -mfloat-abi=hard  | armv7-ar |
|(Hard FP) | -mfpu=vfpv3-d16                            | /thumb   |
|          |                                            | /fpu     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------

* C Libraries usage *

This toolchain is released with two prebuilt C libraries based on newlib:
one is the standard newlib and the other is newlib-nano for code size.
To distinguish them, we rename the size optimized libraries as:

  libc.a --> libc_s.a
  libg.a --> libg_s.a

To use newlib-nano, users should provide additional gcc link time option:
 --specs=nano.specs

Nano.specs also handles two additional gcc libraries: libstdc++_s.a and
libsupc++_s.a, which are optimized for code size.

For example:
$ arm-none-eabi-gcc src.c --specs=nano.specs $(OTHER_OPTIONS)

This option can also work together with other specs options like
--specs=rdimon.specs

Please be noticed that --specs=nano.specs is a linker option. Be sure
to include in linker option if compiling and linking are separated.

** additional newlib-nano libraries usage

Newlib-nano is different from newlib in addition to the libraries' name.
Formatted input/output of floating-point number are implemented as weak symbol.
If you want to use %f, you have to pull in the symbol by explicitly specifying
"-u" command option.
   
  -u _scanf_float
  -u _printf_float

e.g. to output a float, the command line is like: 
$ arm-none-eabi-gcc --specs=nano.specs -u _printf_float $(OTHER_OPTIONS)

For more about the difference and usage, please refer the README.nano in the
source package.

Users can choose to use or not use semihosting by following instructions.
** semihosting
You can add -lrdimon in the command line and compile the programs like:
$ arm-none-eabi-gcc --specs=rdimon.specs \
  -Wl,--start-group -lgcc -lc -lc -lm -lrdimon -Wl,--end-group $(OTHER_OPTIONS)

** non-semihosting/retarget
If you are using retarget, you can add -lnosys in the command line and compile
the programs like:
$ arm-none-eabi-gcc \
  -Wl,--start-group -lgcc -lc -lc -lm -lnosys -Wl,--end-group $(OTHER_OPTIONS)

* Linker scripts & startup code *

Latest update of linker scripts template and startup code is available on 
http://www.arm.com/cmsis

* Samples *
Examples of all above usages are available at:
$install_dir/gcc-arm-none-eabi-*/share/gcc-arm-none-eabi/samples

Read readme.txt under it for further information.
